Circumferential pulmonary vein ablation using electroanatomical mapping. The figure shows posteroanterior view of an electroanatomical map merged with computed tomographic scan of the left atrium. Each red dot represents approximately 5–10 sec of radiofrequency application performed during circumferential pulmonary vein isolation. LSPV indicates left superior pulmonary vein; LIPV, left inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV, right superior pulmonary vein; RIPV, right inferior pulmonary vein.